|
==Events== * 14 – Agrippa Postumus, adopted son of the late Roman emperor Augustus, is executed by his guards while in exile under mysterious circumstances. * 636 – Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine away from the Byzantine Empire, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests and the rapid advance of Islam outside Arabia. * 917 – Battle of Acheloos: Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria decisively defeats a Byzantine army. *1000 – The foundation of the Hungarian state by Saint Stephen, celebrated as a National Day in Hungary. *1083 – Canonization of the first King of Hungary, Saint Stephen and his son Saint Emeric. *1308 – Pope Clement V pardons Jacques de Molay, the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, absolving him of charges of heresy. *1391 – Konrad von Wallenrode becomes the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. *1467 – The Second Battle of Olmedo takes places as part of a succession conflict between Henry IV of Castile and his half-brother Alfonso, Prince of Asturias. *1519 – Philosopher and general Wang Yangming defeats Zhu Chenhao, ending the Prince of Ning rebellion against the reign of the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor. *1672 – Former Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis are brutally murdered by an angry mob in The Hague. *1707 – The first Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British to capture Pensacola, Florida. *1710 – War of the Spanish Succession: A multinational army led by the Austrian commander Guido Starhemberg defeats the Spanish-Bourbon army commanded by Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay in the Battle of Saragossa. *1775 – The Spanish establish the Presidio San Augustin del Tucson in the town that became Tucson, Arizona. *1794 – Battle of Fallen Timbers: American troops force a confederacy of Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi warriors into a disorganized retreat. *1858 – Charles Darwin first publishes his theory of evolution through natural selection in ''The Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London'', alongside Alfred Russel Wallace's same theory. *1866 – President Andrew Johnson formally declares the American Civil War over. *1882 – Tchaikovsky's ''1812 Overture'' debuts in Moscow, Russia. *1910 – The Great Fire of 1910 (also commonly referred to as the "Big Blowup" or the "Big Burn") occurs in northeast Washington, northern Idaho (the panhandle), and western Montana, burning approximately . *1914 – World War I: German forces occupy Brussels. *1920 – The first commercial radio station, 8MK (now WWJ), begins operations in Detroit. *1926 – Japan's public broadcasting company, Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK) is established. *1938 – Lou Gehrig hits his 23rd career grand slam, a record that stood for 75 years until it was broken by Alex Rodriguez. *1940 – In Mexico City, Mexico exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded with an ice axe by Ramón Mercader. He dies the next day. * 1940 – World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill makes the fourth of his famous wartime speeches, containing the line "Never was so much owed by so many to so few". *1944 – World War II: 168 captured allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused by the Gestapo of being "terror fliers", arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp. * 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Romania begins with a major Soviet Union offensive. *1950 – Korean War: United Nations repel an offensive by North Korean divisions attempting to cross the Nakdong River and assault the city of Taegu. *1955 – In Morocco, a force of Berbers from the Atlas Mountains region of Algeria raid two rural settlements and kill 77 French nationals. *1960 – Senegal breaks from the Mali Federation, declaring its independence. *1962 – The NS ''Savannah'', the world's first nuclear-powered civilian ship, embarks on its maiden voyage. *1965 – Keene, NH Episcopal seminarian Jonathan Daniels, 26, is martyred; murdered by shotgun at point-blank range in Hayneville, Alabama, by an unpaid sheriff's deputy, sacrificing his life for young black activist Ruby Sales whom he pushed out of the way of the blast. *1968 – Soviet Union-dominated Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia, crushing the Prague Spring. *1975 – Viking program: NASA launches the ''Viking 1'' planetary probe toward Mars. *1977 – Voyager program: NASA launches the ''Voyager 2'' spacecraft. *1986 – In Edmond, Oklahoma, U.S. Postal employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers and then commits suicide. *1988 – "Black Saturday" of the Yellowstone fire in Yellowstone National Park * 1988 – Peru becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty. * 1988 – Iran–Iraq War: A ceasefire is agreed after almost eight years of war. * 1988 – The Troubles: Eight British soldiers are killed and 28 wounded when their bus is hit by an IRA roadside bomb in Ballygawley, County Tyrone. *1989 – The pleasure boat ''Marchioness'' sinks on the River Thames following a collision. Fifty-one people are killed. * 1989 – The O-Bahn Busway in Adelaide, the world's longest guided busway, opens. *1991 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union, August Coup: More than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union's parliament building protesting the coup aiming to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev. * 1991 – Estonia, annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940, issues a decision on the re-establishment of independence on the basis of historical continuity of its pre-World War II statehood. *1993 – After rounds of secret negotiations in Norway, the Oslo Accords are signed, followed by a public ceremony in Washington, D.C. the following month. *1997 – Souhane massacre in Algeria; over 60 people are killed and 15 kidnapped. *1998 – The Supreme Court of Canada rules that Quebec cannot legally secede from Canada without the federal government's approval. * 1998 – U.S. embassy bombings: The United States launches cruise missile attacks against alleged al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical plant in Sudan in retaliation for the August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. *2002 – A group of Iraqis opposed to the regime of Saddam Hussein take over the Iraqi Embassy in Berlin, Germany for five hours before releasing their hostages and surrendering. *2008 – Spanair Flight 5022, from Madrid, Spain to Gran Canaria, skids off the runway and crashes at Barajas Airport. Of the 172 people on board, 146 die immediately, and eight more later die of injuries sustained in the crash. *2012 – A prison riot in the Venezuelan capital, Caracas, kills at least 20 people. *2014 – Seventy-two people are killed in Japan's Hiroshima Prefecture by a series of landslides caused by a month's worth of rain that fell in one day. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「August 20」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|